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Jadad scale
The Jadad scale, sometimes known as Jadad scoring or the Oxford quality scoring system, is a procedure to independently assess the methodological quality of a clinical trial. It is the most widely used such assessment in the world, and as of 2008, its seminal paper has been cited in over 3000 scientific works.
The Jadad scale is named after Alejandro Jadad-Bechara, a Colombian physician who worked as a Research Fellow at the Oxford Pain Relief Unit, Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, at the University of Oxford. Jadad felt that the randomised controlled trial was of great importance for the advancement of medical science, describing it in a 2007 book as "one of the simplest, most powerful and revolutionary forms of research". He and his team outlined their views of the effectiveness of blinding on published studies in a 1996 paper in the ''Journal of Controlled Clinical Trials''. An appendix to the paper described a scale allocating trials a score of between zero (very poor) and five (rigorous).
==Background==
(詳細はdrug, a medical device, a surgical procedure, or a preventative regime.〔 Clinical trial protocols vary considerably depending on the nature of the treatment under investigation, but typically in a controlled trial researchers gather a group of volunteers and subject some to the test treatment, while giving the others either no treatment (known as a placebo), or an established treatment for comparison. After a defined time period, the patients in the test group are assessed for health improvements in comparison with the control group.
However, trials can vary greatly in quality. Methodological errors such as poor blinding or poor randomisation allow factors such as the placebo effect or selection bias to adversely affect the results of a trial.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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